By the new stone age,humans had progressed to underground mining in systematic openings 2 to 3 ft 0. The definitions and useages come from historical and contemporary sources and consideration is given to those. Country rock rock on either side of a lode or ledge. The choice of the type of support installed in a particular underground excavation depends upon the extent of the zone of loosened or fractured rock surrounding that excavation. The mineral calcium carbonate note aragonite is another crystal form. The implications of not knowing how many people are underground, or who they are, is vast. The glossary of mining terminology is a living document that will continue to be improved as the industry develops and inuktitut speakers become. Some words were in use throughout the coalfields, some are historic and some are local to the different british coalfields. Apr 10, 20 underground mining is done when the rocks, minerals,or gemstones are too far underground to get out with surfacemining. Where there is more than one location where mining is being carried out, legislative requirements and good mining practice require that no air used to ventilate one working location can be used to ventilate another. Design methodology for underground ring blasting i. Sufficient knowledge of the mineral deposit, mining. During the course, participants will also gain exposure to common terminology used in mining, giving a greater level of industry knowledge and confidence with interacting with core mining staff.
Our products 3 essential metals used in medicine 7 january 2020 our products how minerals are used in our daily lives 28 october 2019 our products common uses for copper in our daily lives 18 march 2019. The glossary of mining terminology is a first attempt to improve inuktitut terminology in the resource development field. Added to this is the fact that the history of the world has seen a. Caval ridge coal mine project environmental impact statement page 1 glossary, abbreviations and units glossary term definition airlift yield volume of water per unit of time blown from the borehole during drilling ls. Mnm underground mines checkin checkout system mine. Back the ceiling or roof of an underground opening. Longwall mining overview introduction underground coal. Glossary of mining terminology indian and northern affairs canada has a broad mandate in nunavut. Groundwater component in mining operationmining hydrology 24 october 2016 presented by braden hanna. Backbreak rock broken past the limit of the last row of blast holes. Undercut to cut below or undermine the coal face by chipping away the coal by pick or mining machine. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. This requires a number of separate circuits off the main roadways known as ventilation splits.
Ritchieand ray hooker the authors present a glossary of mining terminology commonly used in australia and new zealand. Most of the mining terminology is introduced in the sections of this book where they are most applicable. The roadways underground are divided into 2 groups, those carrying fresh air into. Mfnm is ideal for those who are looking to achieve effective working relationships with core mining staff or who have. Water moving into the ground from a surface supply such as precipitation or irrigation. Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible. Back the roof or upper part in any underground mining cavity. Pdf mining is the extraction of economically valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth surface. Mining of underground natural resources do require giving up the rights and usufruct benefits of surface based natural resources. Glossary of terminology commonly used in mining and reclamation technology acid mine drainage. The student of mining is thus advised to become familiar with all the terms used in mining, particularly those that are peculiar to either mines or minerals. Definition of underground mining in the dictionary.
Provided that the rock is hard enough to provide a good grip for the anchor, an expansion shell anchor which is well seated will usually allow a rockbolt to. Rotary drill a machine that drills holes by rotating a rigid, tubular string of drill rods to which is attached a bit. The first to be excavated is overburden, which includes plants, topsoil, and. England, and commonly used in deep mines of the nineteenth century to raise underground water. In the method of secondary extraction known as longwall mining a relatively long mining face typically in the range 100 to 300m but may be longer is created by driving a roadway at right angles between two roadways that form the sides of the longwall block, with one rib of this new roadway forming the longwall face. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss effective for smallscale operations. Mine waste or rock used to refill voids in mined areas, including openpit and underground mines.
Backfill waste material used to fill the void created by mining an orebody. A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven into a hill or mountain. The methodology is applicable to designs for prefeasibility and feasibility stages as well as designs for. Roomandpillar mining a method of mining flatlying ore deposits in which the minedout area, or rooms, are separated by pillars of approximately the same size. Crosscut a horizontal tunnel driven perpendicular to the main direction of a vein. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The aim of the glossary is to clarify some technical words associated with resource development using everyday language. It does not go completely through the hill or mountain. Mining terminology underground mining and mining machinery. Successive horizontal slices of ore are taken along the length of the stope back and left in place to support the walls rocks and serves as a working floor for the next slice. Underground mining has a lower ground footprint than open pit mining. This is a partial glossary of coal mining terminology commonly used in the coalfields of the united kingdom. Glossary of mining terminology after damp gasses resulting from underground combustion, normally carbon monoxide.
May be large enough for a man to climb through, but much smaller than a raise. This is a loose term implying any fatal gas in a mine after an explosion or fire. Backfill mine waste or rock used to support the roof after coal removal. Information and translations of underground mining in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Room and pillar mining is a style of mining where tunnels are driven in a chess board pattern with massive square pillars between them which are gradually cut.
Canada granitic 100,000 18,300 underground sumps predicted with model. An overview of basic mining terms and where various components of a mineral deposit end up. Counting against underground mining are the costs, which, for each ton of material mined, are much higher underground than on the. Room and pillar mining a method of underground mining in which approximately half of the coal is left in place to support. Commonly used for drilling largediameter blastholes in open.
Underground mine design in surpac vision mining and blasting. Underground mining is a distinct segment of the mining sector, with coal and other minerals being extracted from depth for processing. For dipping seams, the angle of break increases, being 35. A mining method for narrow orebodies where no backfill is required during the stoping operation. The theme is mining in adverse conditions using stateoftheart technology. Glossary of mining terms the strip mining handbook. Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. Metal and nonmetal underground mines msha is issuing this alert to draw awareness to the importance of having an effective check incheck out system. The underground mining platform achieved a turnover of zar 10. The underground mining methods we use include room and pillar, narrow vein stoping and largescale mechanised mining. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1.
Airway any passage in a mine along which an air current moves. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for. Ventilation basic mining processterminology underground coal. Room and pillar mining a method of underground mining in which approximately half of the coal is left in place to support the roof of the active mining area. Depressurization m m m 1 m 10 m 100 m depressurizing dewateringdrainage. Water mixed with sulfuric acid and having a ph of less than 6. Active rock reinforcement underground mines use two principal types of rock reinforcement tensioned. To name a mineral prospect an ore body requires more information than needed to establish metal grades.
A very crude guide to support selection is given in table 1. Dictionary of mining, mineral, and related terms published on cdrom in. Ore is drawn from drawpoints at the bottom of the mine. Borehole a vertical or inclined hole, used for ventilation from one level to another, or to carry waterlines or electrical wires. Glossary of mining terms a abutment in coal mining, 1 the weight of the rocks above a narrow roadway is transferred to the solid coal along the sides, which act as abutments of the arch of strata spanning the roadway. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes prohibitive, and underground techniques must be considered. Yes, bench is more used in open pit mining but you can also have a stope bench in underground mining, especially in sublevel open stoping slos. Surface mining progresses underground, in swaziland, africa. This includes resource management on crown land, economic development and obligations under the nunavut land claims agreement. This book contains highquality papers from the principal mining research institutes of the usa, united kingdom, india and south africa, thus providing uptodate coverage of underground mining and technology in the main mining areas of the world. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Glossary of mining terms united states mine rescue association. Basic rocks igneous rocks that are relatively low in silica and composed mostly of darkcolored minerals.
Types of underground mining and their applications youtube. It set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shear er mounted on convey or operating. Types of underground mining and their applications. This section will cover some terms used in this tutorial and some basic concepts of underground mine design. Government agencies are required by law upon request to share any documents, including electronic documents, with the public.
Being underground demands high safety considerations from strata control, and the maintenance of underground road networks is undertaken in confined spaces. Hacettepe university department of mining engineering home. In march 2005, inuit elders from across nunavut, inuktitut language specialists and a subject specialist gathered for a threeday workshop to develop the terms in this glossary. Underground mining is done when the rocks, minerals,or gemstones are too far underground to get out with surfacemining. Most bauxite, iron, and copper ore is mined by open pit techniques, lead and zinc ore are principally extracted by underground mining. Most of the mining terminology is introduced in the sections of this book where they are. Requirements prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, some experience in underground mine design is helpful, but not required. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. When metal is mined, the rock is separated into three categories.
Air shaft a vertical opening into a mine for the passage of air. Resource development is an emerging industry in nunavut and improving. The upper most terminal edge of the vein on the surface or its nearest point to the surface. Definition of hardrock mining terms adit a level, horizontal drift or passage from the surface into a mine. This mixture can be discharging from an active mine or abandoned mine. Cornish pump a type of pump developed in cornwall, england, and commonly used in deep mines of the nineteenth century to raise underground water. Good quality air has to be provided for personnel to breath, to dilute both natural and introduced e. In daytoday operations, your check incheck out system ensures blasting underground can take place without exposing miners to high risk hazards that include oxygen deficiency, gases and blast concussions.
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